Cycle dont need PETROL

Harmful effects of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.

Every once in a while the government passes out an order banning shop keepers from providing plastic bags to customers for carrying their purchases, with little lasting effect. Plastic bags are very popular with both retailers as well as consumers because they are cheap, strong, lightweight, functional, as well as a hygienic means of carrying food as well as other goods. Even though they are one of the modern conveniences that we seem to be unable to do without, they are responsible for causing pollution, killing wildlife, and using up the precious resources of the earth. About a hundred billion plastic bags are used every year in the US alone. And then, when one considers the huge economies and populations of India, China, Europe, and other parts of the world, the numbers can be staggering. The problem is further exacerbated by the developed countries shipping off their plastic waste to developing countries like India. There are many harmful effects of pollution by plastic bags. This Buzzle article will enlist some of the effects of plastic bag on the environment. How are Plastic Bags Harmful to the Environment? Plastic bags are used by everybody. You get them right from a vegetable vendor to a designer store. They are convenient and easy-to-use. But, most of us are blissfully of the repercussions that are occurring and will take place in the future. The following paragraphs will discuss the impact of plastic pollution on environment. Plastic bags litter the landscape Once they are used, most plastic bags go into landfill, or rubbish tips. Each year more and more plastic bags are ending up littering the environment. Once they become litter, plastic bags find their way into our waterways, parks, beaches, and streets. And, if they are burned, they infuse the air with toxic fumes.

Plastic bags kill animals About 100,000 animals such as dolphins, turtles whales, penguins are killed every year due to plastic bags. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food, and therefore die. And worse, the ingested plastic bag remains intact even after the death and decomposition of the animal. Thus, it lies around in the landscape where another victim may ingest it. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable And one of the worst environmental effects of plastic bags is that they are non-biodegradable. The decomposition of plastic bags takes about 400 years. No one will live so long to witness decomposition of plastic. Thus, save the environment for the future generation of humans as well as animals. Petroleum is required to produce plastic bags As it is, petroleum products are diminishing and getting more expensive by the day, since we have used this non-renewable resource increasingly. Petroleum is vital for our modern way of life. It is necessary for our energy requirements - for our factories, transport, heating, lighting, and so on. Without viable alternative sources of energy yet on the horizon, if the supply of petroleum were to be turned off, it would lead to practically the entire world grinding to a halt. And to make plastic, about 60 - 100 million barrels of oil are needed every year around the world. Surely, this precious resource should not be wasted on producing plastic bags, should it? So, What Can be Done about the Use of Plastic Bags? Single-use plastic bags have become such a ubiquitous way of life that it seems as if we simply cannot do without them. However, if we have the will, we can start reducing their use in small ways. A tote bag can make a good substitute for holding the shopping. You can keep the bag with the cashier, and then put your purchases into it instead of the usual plastic bag. Recycling the plastic bags you already have is another good idea. These can come into use for various purposes, like holding your garbage, instead of purchasing new ones.

While governments may be working out ways to lessen the impact of plastic bags on the environment, however, each of us should shoulder some of the responsibility for this problem, which ultimately harms us. From the above paragraphs, you must have understood the gist of the harmful effects of plastic bags on environment. They are not only non-biodegradable, but are one of the major pollutants of the sea. For a clean and green environment, try to use alternatives to plastic bags whenever and whereever possible. Cut down on your use of plastic, and do your bit to save our planet.......................................................................:) Source : www.buzzle.com/articles/environmental-pollution-the-harmful-effects-of-plastic-bags.html

Lets Celebrate Eco-friendly Ganesh Festival.

PLEASE AVOID COLOR VINAYAKA IDOLS FOR NATURE SAFE.

Ganesh Festival is one of the main festivals celebrated blissfully and joyfully all over India. Lord Ganesha elephant headed god is believed to be God of power and wisdom. In India, people worship Ganesh before initiating any work. Ganesh Festival is birthday of Lord Ganesh and beautifully decorated idols of different sizes are made for sale by specially skilled artisans. Ganesh festival or Ganesh Chaturthi starts with the installation of these Ganesh statues in colorfully decorated temporary structures in every locality.

The festival is also the time for cultural activities like singing and theater performances, orchestra and community activities. On final day of celebration, Ganesh idol is taken through the streets in a procession accompanied with dancing, singing, and fanfare to be immersed in a river. This is the ritual known as Ganesh Visarjan. All join in this final procession shouting “Ganapati Bappa Morya, Pudhachya Varshi Laukar ya” (means O lord Ganesha, come again early next year).


Tips for Eco Friendly Ganesh Festival

Everybody loves to decorate Ganesh idols beautifully and celebrate Ganesh festival with great zeal. But the most serious impact of the Ganesh festival on environment is due to the immersion of idols. The immersion of idols made out of chemical materials causes significant water pollution. The use of thermocol and plastic in pandals as well as for garlands and other decorations increases non biodegradable waste. The toxic waste from these materials kills plant and animal life in the water bodies. Celebrating eco-friendly Ganesh festival enables you to celebrate festival grandly without harming environment and other living beings. Following are some useful tips for celebrating eco-friendly Ganesh festival.


· Use Eco Friendly Ganesh idol: As going green is the new mantra, say no to idols made of chemical, Plaster of paris, clay, plastic, thermocol (polystyrene). Opt for natural, biodegradable material so that after immersions (visarjan) it does not pollute water and surroundings. Natural products can be used to make the idol such as unbaked clay, coconut, paint with natural colours, etc.


· Limit Size and number of Ganesh Idols in your community: Bigger size idols take much space. The height of the Ganesh idol should be limited maximum to 5 feet or 1.5 meters. Rather than keeping the idol for exhibition, the rituals of the festival should be performed properly. Huge idols also consume more clay or POP for its making, adding more waste to environment. It is difficult for immersion also as it takes time for dissolving in water and sometimes it does not dissolve completely hurting people’s sentiments. It also leads to traffic congestion and difficult to transport.



Save Energy: Switch on decorative lights during the “aarti” or “pooja” and evenings only when necessary. Replace traditional bulbs such as incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lights (CFL).Use energy efficient CFL tubes instead of bulbs to save electricity. Coloured papers can also be wrapped on bulbs to give more colours rather than buying expensive bulbs.


· Natural colors for Rangoli: Use natural biodegradable colours for making Rangoli such as turmeric, henna, mehendi, rice powder, gulaal. Such colours do not pose a threat to human health and do not affect the environment also.


· Eco friendly Decoration: In festivals people generally use plastic and non-degradable material. These materials add more danger to our environment when dumped as garbage later. You can use instead paper flowers or natural flowers for decoration. Natural materials like cloth, wood, paper can be used to make dolls, puppets, and bells to decorate around Ganpati idol. Make beautiful paper decoration instead of thermocol, which is also not degradable.


· Ban Plastic: Offerings, Prasad, fruits which are carried to pandals are thrown here and there as garbage. Nobody takes care of that and it pollutes the environment. So Say No to Plastic Bags. Instead cloth bags can be encouraged which is very comfortable to carry, biodegradable and can be reused later. Discourage the use of Plastic Bags for disposing “Nirmalya” and other offerings and these should be disposed in a paper bag. Use natural plates like banana leaves instead of plastic plates for distributing Prasad. Disposable, non biodegradable plates, plastic sheets etc affect the environment.


· Refrain from Noise Pollution: Avoid playing loud music which might create disturbance to others. Mridangam, Tabla and such low sound instruments can be used instead. Loudspeakers can create problem to hospitals, old age homes, and educational institutes. Speakers and microphones should be played between 6am and 10pm and people should abide by the rules. Avoid bursting firecrackers. Firecrackers will also affect the hearing of small children as well as aged people of the community. There is no rule as such to burst crackers. Firecrackers emit fumes which are harmful to health. They pose a threat to patients and public health.


· Limit number of public pandals: More pandals means more noise more pollution and more dumped garbage. Instead of celebrating the same festivals at different pandals, make a huge pandal in the community and all the community members and people from neighborhoods can come and jointly celebrate the festival which will also reduce the number of immersions at the later stage.


· Artificial immersion tank: The same water body used for immersion will be used for irrigation or drinking purpose which might cause health hazards later. Use can use artificial tank or artificial immersion tank instead of natural water source like river, lake or pond.


· Awareness on Green Ganesh or Eco-friendly Ganesh: Understand the concept of the Ganesh festival in its true sense and its effects on our Mother Nature. More and more eco friendly ways should be developed and awareness should be spread among people. Prizes should be distributed to communities who promote eco friendly ways of celebrating festivals which will encourage others. Posters and videos can be shown among apartments sharing knowledge about eco friendly ways. Awareness drives and workshops should be conducted.


· Compost pit for organic material: Collect separately after the festivals, the offerings of flowers, garlands often called “Nirmalya” and other organic material and put them in a community built compost pit. This compost material can be used to fertilize your garden. If you must immerse them, wrap them in newspapers instead of polythene bags as paper is biodegradable. Dried flowers can be used later to make natural colours or decorative paper for gifts.


· Symbolic immersion: Instead of immersing Ganesh idol in a water body, it can be symbolically immersed at home. Some people use a metal or stone idol and symbolically immerse this in a bucket of water, or even carry it in procession to the sea, hold it under the water, and then bring it back home for the next year. A betel nut in place of the actual idol can be immersed in a bucket of water. Another way of immersion can be sprinkling a few drops of water on the idol and then wiping it off and keeping it for next year’s use.


· 3Rs-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: There are three key factors when thinking about how to recycle – The 3 R’s. The three R’s – reduce, reuse and recycle – all help to cut down on the amount of waste we throw away. Reduce is best way to manage waste. Reuse products in different ways. Recycling the Ganesh festival flowers and festival leftovers is another way to manage waste. Make natural color from flowers such as marigold and other festival leftovers can be used to make compost.


· Ban Ganesha made of Plaster of Paris or hazardous chemicals: Ensure this Ganesh Festival, your apartment community or neighborhoods buy Green Ganesha and ensure you support or ban Plaster of Paris (PoP) Idols or idols made of hazardous chemical. These materials add up more damage to the environment. Spread awareness on the use of eco ganesha and drawbacks of hazardous chemicals and its effects on environment.


· Form a group or team for celebrating Eco Friendly Ganesh festival in your neighborhood: Spread awareness by forming a group or a team in your community. Teach your younger generation and others the good effects of celebrating eco friendly Ganesh Festival.


Enjoy Ganesh Chaturthi but also respect the nature. Encourage people to use environmentally safe idols and decoration. Collect offerings of flowers and other organic material and put them in a compost pit for fertilizing your garden.

Universal Science.

Global Warming - Danger in soon.

The current cycle of global warming is changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely upon. What will we do to slow this warming? How will we cope with the changes we've already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, the face of the Earth as we know it—coasts, forests, farms, and snowcapped mountains—hangs in the balance.

What Causes Global Warming?
Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming. They've looked at the natural cycles and events that are known to influence climate. But the amount and pattern of warming that's been measured can't be explained by these factors alone. The only way to explain the pattern is to include the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by humans.

To bring all this information together, the United Nations formed a group of scientists called the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC. The IPCC meets every few years to review the latest scientific findings and write a report summarizing all that is known about global warming. Each report represents a consensus, or agreement, among hundreds of leading scientists.

One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and humans emit them in a variety of ways. Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide, also called CO2. Other contributors include methane released from landfills and agriculture (especially from the digestive systems of grazing animals), nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of forests that would otherwise store CO2.

Different greenhouse gases have very different heat-trapping abilities. Some of them can even trap more heat than CO2. A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than CO2. Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons (which have been banned in much of the world because they also degrade the ozone layer), have heat-trapping potential thousands of times greater than CO2. But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does.

In order to understand the effects of all the gases together, scientists tend to talk about all greenhouse gases in terms of the equivalent amount of CO2. Since 1990, yearly emissions have gone up by about 6 billion metric tons of "carbon dioxide equivalent" worldwide, more than a 20 percent increase.

Effects of Global Warming

The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole, and everywhere in between. Globally, the mercury is already up more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree Celsius), and even more in sensitive polar regions. And the effects of rising temperatures aren’t waiting for some far-flung future. They’re happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them are surprising. The heat is not only melting glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting animals on the move.

Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening.

Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles. This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.
Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adélie penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years.
Sea level rise became faster over the last century.
Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved farther north or to higher, cooler areas.
Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased across the globe, on average.
Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska thanks to 20 years of warm summers. The insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees.

Other effects could happen later this century, if warming continues.

Sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches (18 and 59 centimeters) by the end of the century, and continued melting at the poles could add between 4 and 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters).
Hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger.
Species that depend on one another may become out of sync. For example, plants could bloom earlier than their pollinating insects become active.
Floods and droughts will become more common. Rainfall in Ethiopia, where droughts are already common, could decline by 10 percent over the next 50 years.
Less fresh water will be available. If the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru continues to melt at its current rate, it will be gone by 2100, leaving thousands of people who rely on it for drinking water and electricity without a source of either.
Some diseases will spread, such as malaria carried by mosquitoes.
Ecosystems will change—some species will move farther north or become more successful; others won’t be able to move and could become extinct. Wildlife research scientist Martyn Obbard has found that since the mid-1980s, with less ice on which to live and fish for food, polar bears have gotten considerably skinnier. Polar bear biologist Ian Stirling has found a similar pattern in Hudson Bay. He fears that if sea ice disappears, the polar bears will as well.

Solutions

The evidence that humans are causing global warming is strong, but the question of what to do about it remains controversial. Economics, sociology, and politics are all important factors in planning for the future.

Even if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) today, the Earth would still warm by another degree Fahrenheit or so. But what we do from today forward makes a big difference. Depending on our choices, scientists predict that the Earth could eventually warm by as little as 2.5 degrees or as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit.

A commonly cited goal is to stabilize GHG concentrations around 450-550 parts per million (ppm), or about twice pre-industrial levels. This is the point at which many believe the most damaging impacts of climate change can be avoided. Current concentrations are about 380 ppm, which means there isn't much time to lose. According to the IPCC, we'd have to reduce GHG emissions by 50% to 80% of what they're on track to be in the next century to reach this level.

Is this possible?

Many people and governments are already working hard to cut greenhouse gases, and everyone can help.

Researchers Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow at Princeton University have suggested one approach that they call "stabilization wedges." This means reducing GHG emissions from a variety of sources with technologies available in the next few decades, rather than relying on an enormous change in a single area. They suggest 7 wedges that could each reduce emissions, and all of them together could hold emissions at approximately current levels for the next 50 years, putting us on a potential path to stabilize around 500 ppm.

There are many possible wedges, including improvements to energy efficiency and vehicle fuel economy (so less energy has to be produced), and increases in wind and solar power, hydrogen produced from renewable sources, biofuels (produced from crops), natural gas, and nuclear power. There is also the potential to capture the carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuels and store it underground—a process called "carbon sequestration."

In addition to reducing the gases we emit to the atmosphere, we can also increase the amount of gases we take out of the atmosphere. Plants and trees absorb CO2 as they grow, "sequestering" carbon naturally. Increasing forestlands and making changes to the way we farm could increase the amount of carbon we're storing.

Some of these technologies have drawbacks, and different communities will make different decisions about how to power their lives, but the good news is that there are a variety of options to put us on a path toward a stable climate.

Most Unbelievable Natural Phenomena

The universe is a vast, incredible thing. There is so much we have yet to understand about why things are the way they are. Then there are those things that, even when explained, still seem completely incredible. Here's our roundup of some pictures of nature and the most bizarre and miraculous natural occurrences. As they say, in some cases the truth is stranger than fiction—and in this case, nature is truly bizarre.

Moonbow

For many, this is not a true moonbow, but a spray moonbow at the Lower Yosemite Falls
Rainbows are a well-observed occurrence. What about moonbows? A moonbow is sometimes called a lunar rainbow or white rainbow. It is a rainbow that comes from light reflecting from the surface of the moon instead of the sun. Moonbows are not as bright and distinguishable as their famous cousins, but because of their exclusivity, they hold a special kind of beauty.
Moonbows are always located in the opposite part of the sky from the moon and can best be viewed when the moon is near to full. For true moonbows, other than those produced by waterfalls or sprays, the moon must be low in the sky and the sky has to be dark and rainy.

Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis

Northern Lights over Bear Lake, Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska
Otherwise known as the Northern Lights or Southern Lights, this spellbinding natural phenomenon is one of the most spectacular. These lights are a result of the Earth’s photons colliding with solar winds and they are only visible in certain parts of the Northern or Southern Hemisphere.

Danxia landform

Danxia landform in Gansu, China
A unique geological phenomenon known as Danxia landform can only be observed in several places in China. This example is from  Zhangye, a Province of Gansu. The color is the result of an accumulation of millions of years of red sandstone and other compound rocks.

Antarctic Waves

 Antartic base in Dumont d'Urville
Unlike common misconception this natural phenomenon is not produced by water hitting cold air and freezing, but rather ice melting. Melting water in this situation is created by a glacier or ice cap and each time snow accumulates, more layers are added to the “wave.”

Mammatus Clouds

Mammatus Clouds over San Francisco, California
Mammatus clouds most often form on the underside of cumulonimbus clouds. Mammatus clouds usually form beneath weakening thunderstorms, thus indicating the passing of severe weather.
Their name means  "mammary cloud" or "breast cloud," for its appearance.

Earthquake Lights

Earthquake Lights over Chile
Sometimes before, sometimes after a large earthquake, blue, white, or colored light flashes appear in the sky. They only last a few seconds, and occur infrequently. Their origins are yet unknown, with theories ranging from phosphine gas emissions to electrokinetics.

Bioluminescence

Mycena chlorophanos
This phenomenon in nature is called bioluminescence and is a trait possesed only by a small group of creatures. This is a bioluminescent form of fungi.
Other bioluminescent organisms include the firefly, the fungus gnat, deep sea flashlight fish, female anglerfish, Cookiecutter sharks, and squid.

Climbing Goats of Morroco

Climbing Goats of Morroco
This is an example of extreme animal adaptation. These Moroccan goats climb trees because they’re hungry. With minimal food for them on the ground, they climb the trees looking for fruit, nuts, and edible leaves.

The Naga Fireballs

The Naga Fireballs over Thailand’s Mekong River
Thailand’s Mekong River is home to a phenomenon of exploding fireballs. Scientists believe that the fireballs are pockets of methane bubbling up from the river, but local residents think this to be a mystical occurrence coming from the fiery breath of Naga, a serpent that haunts the river.

Life

Week 17 Ultrasound
This is most unbelievable thing of them all. Our bodies are such delicate, mysterious things. We are simply a bunch of atoms bouncing around from place to place. With all of our knowledge and all of our experiences, we still don't know why we're here.
© Copyright RosebudMag.com, 2012

Nature by Numbers